Sparte - definizione. Che cos'è Sparte
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Cosa (chi) è Sparte - definizione

CITY-STATE IN ANCIENT GREECE
Lacedaemon; Lakedaimon; Spartans; Lacedaemonians; Kingdom of Sparta; Lacedemon; Lacedaemonian; Sparte; Sparta, Greece; Lacedaimon; Lakedemonia; Ancient sparta; Greek Spartan; SPARTA; Spartan; Ancient Sparta; Ancient sparta religion; Spartan Government; The Spartan; Lakedaemon; Σπάρτα; Classical Sparta; Temple of Athena, Sparta; Temple of Athena Chalkioikos
  • Ancient Sparta.
  • Mt. Taygetus]] in the background.
  • Antique Map of Classical City of Sparta (based on ancient sources and not archaeology).
  • Eurotas River
  • Leonidas]] sculpture (5th century BC), [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]], Greece
  • Neoclassical]] imaging of what [[Plutarch]] describes.
  • Lycurgus]]
  • Eurotas River]] overlooking the future site of Dorian Sparta. Across the valley the successive ridges of Mount [[Taygetus]] are in evidence.
  • Medieval depiction of Sparta from the ''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'' (1493)
  • kylix]], c. 550–530 BC)
  • Structure of the Spartan Constitution
  • Bronze appliqué of Spartan manufacture, possibly depicting [[Orestes]], 550–525 BC ([[Getty Villa]])
  • The [[Menelaion]]
  • Remaining section of wall that surrounded ancient Sparta
  • Ruins of the Temple of Artemis Orthia
  • ''[[Young Spartans Exercising]]'' by [[Edgar Degas]] (1834–1917)

Spartan         
·noun A native or inhabitant of Sparta; figuratively, a person of great courage and fortitude.
II. Spartan ·adj Of or pertaining to Sparta, especially to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravey.
Lacedaemonian         
·noun A Spartan.
II. Lacedaemonian ·adj Of or pertaining to Lacedaemon or Sparta, the chief city of Laconia in the Peloponnesus.
Spartan         
Spartan1
¦ adjective relating to Sparta, a city state in ancient Greece.
¦ noun a citizen of Sparta.
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Spartan2
¦ noun a Canadian dessert apple of a variety with crisp white flesh and maroon-flushed yellow skin.

Wikipedia

Sparta

Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.

Given its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the leading force of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars, in rivalry with the rising naval power of Athens. Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), from which it emerged victorious after the Battle of Aegospotami. The decisive Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended the Spartan hegemony, although the city-state maintained its political independence until its forced integration into the Achaean League in 192 BC. The city nevertheless recovered much autonomy after the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC and prospered during the Roman Empire, as its antiquarian customs attracted many Roman tourists. However, Sparta was sacked in 396 AD by the Visigothic king Alaric, and underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages, when many of its citizens moved to Mystras. Modern Sparta is the capital of the southern Greek region of Laconia and a center for processing citrus and olives.

Sparta was unique in ancient Greece for its social system and constitution, which were supposedly introduced by the semi-mythical legislator Lycurgus. His laws configured the Spartan society to maximize military proficiency at all costs, focusing all social institutions on military training and physical development. The inhabitants of Sparta were stratified as Spartiates (citizens with full rights), mothakes (free non-Spartiate people descended from Spartans), perioikoi (free non-Spartiates), and helots (state-owned enslaved non-Spartan locals). Spartiate men underwent the rigorous agoge training regimen, and Spartan phalanx brigades were widely considered to be among the best in battle. Spartan women enjoyed considerably more rights than elsewhere in classical antiquity.

Sparta was frequently a subject of fascination in its own day, as well as in Western culture following the revival of classical learning. The admiration of Sparta is known as Laconophilia. Bertrand Russell wrote:

Sparta had a double effect on Greek thought: through the reality, and through the myth.... The reality enabled the Spartans to defeat Athens in war; the myth influenced Plato's political theory, and that of countless subsequent writers.... [The] ideals that it favors had a great part in framing the doctrines of Rousseau, Nietzsche, and National Socialism.